The 1989 Lok Sabha (Parliament) election in Bihar was held to elect Members of Parliament (MPs) from 54 parliamentary constituencies in the state. Janata Dal emerged as the leading party, winning 32 seats. Bharatiya Janata Party came second with 8 seats.
A total of 52,193,269 electors were registered to vote across the state. Of these, 31,441,378 votes were polled, resulting in an overall voter turnout of 60.2%. The average victory margin across all constituencies was 127,809 votes, with the closest contest decided by just 3,785 votes and the largest margin reaching 504,448 votes.
A total of 8 political parties won at least one seat in this election. India's Lok Sabha elections use the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) system, where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins the seat. The party or coalition winning a majority of Lok Sabha seats forms the central government and appoints the Prime Minister.
Seat data is not available for this selection.
Seat breakdown: Janata Dal (32), Bharatiya Janata Party (8), Indian National Congress (4), Communist Party Of India (4), Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (3) and 3 other parties.
Click on any constituency name to view the full candidate-wise breakdown with individual vote counts, vote share percentages, and party affiliations.
| Sno. | Constituency | Type | State | Winner | Party | Electors | Votes | Turnout | Margin | Margin% | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45-Sheohar | GEN | Bihar | Hari Kishor Singh | Janata Dal | 962568 | 633746 | 65.80% | 314475 | 49.60% | 1989 |
| 2 | 46-Sitamarhi | GEN | Bihar | Hukumdeo Narayan Yadav | Janata Dal | 1011260 | 654778 | 64.80% | 170861 | 26.10% | 1989 |
| 3 | 47-Madhubani | GEN | Bihar | Bhogendra Jha | Communist Party Of India | 981067 | 558378 | 56.90% | 141366 | 25.30% | 1989 |
| 4 | 48-Jhanjharpur | GEN | Bihar | Devandra Prassad Yadav | Janata Dal | 958736 | 539539 | 56.30% | 159336 | 29.50% | 1989 |
| 5 | 50-Araria | SC | Bihar | Sukdeo Paswan | Janata Dal | 917760 | 569501 | 62.10% | 72655 | 12.80% | 1989 |
| 6 | 51-Kishanganj | GEN | Bihar | M.J.Akbar | Indian National Congress | 956458 | 559966 | 58.60% | 25991 | 4.60% | 1989 |
| 7 | 52-Katihar | GEN | Bihar | Yuvarj | Janata Dal | 855079 | 630832 | 73.80% | 103178 | 16.40% | 1989 |
| 8 | 53-Purnia | GEN | Bihar | Taslimudin | Janata Dal | 923058 | 575046 | 62.30% | 54557 | 9.50% | 1989 |
| 9 | 54-Madhepura | GEN | Bihar | Ramesh Kumar Yadav Ravi | Janata Dal | 976967 | 673041 | 68.90% | 292948 | 43.50% | 1989 |
| 10 | 55-Darbhanga | GEN | Bihar | Shakeeul Rahman | Janata Dal | 921749 | 657262 | 71.30% | 78457 | 11.90% | 1989 |
| 11 | 56-Muzaffarpur | GEN | Bihar | George Farnandes | Janata Dal | 981763 | 726622 | 74.00% | 285010 | 39.20% | 1989 |
| 12 | 57-Vaishali | GEN | Bihar | Usha Singh | Janata Dal | 964120 | 711954 | 73.80% | 213217 | 29.90% | 1989 |
| 13 | 58-Gopalganj | GEN | Bihar | Rajmangal Mishra | Janata Dal | 944046 | 688818 | 73.00% | 193921 | 28.20% | 1989 |
| 14 | 59-Siwan | GEN | Bihar | Janardan Tiwari | Bharatiya Janata Party | 965656 | 562288 | 58.20% | 158951 | 28.30% | 1989 |
| 15 | 60-Maharajganj | GEN | Bihar | Chanrasbekhar | Janata Dal | 1024013 | 591913 | 57.80% | 217318 | 36.70% | 1989 |
| 16 | 62-Hajipur | SC | Bihar | Ram Vilas Paswan | Janata Dal | 977499 | 736399 | 75.30% | 504448 | 68.50% | 1989 |
| 17 | 64-Samastipur | GEN | Bihar | Manjai Lal | Janata Dal | 1075195 | 704303 | 65.50% | 237681 | 33.70% | 1989 |
| 18 | 65-Begusarai | GEN | Bihar | Lalit Vijay Singh | Janata Dal | 986317 | 613692 | 62.20% | 74721 | 12.20% | 1989 |
| 19 | 66-Khagaria | GEN | Bihar | Ram Sharan Yadav | Janata Dal | 946945 | 593189 | 62.60% | 136522 | 23.00% | 1989 |
| 20 | 67-Bhagalpur | GEN | Bihar | Chun Chun Prasad Yadav | Janata Dal | 1046877 | 684005 | 65.30% | 435398 | 63.70% | 1989 |
| 21 | 68-Banka | GEN | Bihar | Pratap Singh | Janata Dal | 955374 | 540071 | 56.50% | 216615 | 40.10% | 1989 |
| 22 | 69-Munger | GEN | Bihar | Dhanraj Singh | Janata Dal | 1015385 | 712863 | 70.20% | 55186 | 7.70% | 1989 |
| 23 | 70-Nalanda | GEN | Bihar | Ram Saroop Prasad | Indian National Congress | 1085349 | 709017 | 65.30% | 11212 | 1.60% | 1989 |
| 24 | 71-Patna Sahib | GEN | Bihar | Shailendra Nath Srivastava | Bharatiya Janata Party | 1173277 | 643303 | 54.80% | 21593 | 3.40% | 1989 |
| 25 | 73-Arrah | GEN | Bihar | Rameshwar Prasad | Indian Peoples Front | 1060759 | 557507 | 52.60% | 16440 | 2.90% | 1989 |
| 26 | 74-Buxar | GEN | Bihar | Tej Narain Singh | Communist Party Of India | 988344 | 557944 | 56.50% | 37322 | 6.70% | 1989 |
| 27 | 75-Sasaram | SC | Bihar | Chhedi Paswan | Janata Dal | 965857 | 538050 | 55.70% | 113656 | 21.10% | 1989 |
| 28 | 77-Jahanabad | GEN | Bihar | Ramashray Prasad Singh | Communist Party Of India | 1058677 | 716296 | 67.70% | 72901 | 10.20% | 1989 |
| 29 | 78-Aurangabad | GEN | Bihar | Ram Naresh Singh | Janata Dal | 975199 | 574035 | 58.90% | 57082 | 9.90% | 1989 |
| 30 | 79-Gaya | SC | Bihar | Inswar Chaudhary | Janata Dal | 965265 | 676699 | 70.10% | 252923 | 37.40% | 1989 |
| 31 | 80-Nawada | SC | Bihar | Prem Pardeep | Communist Party Of India (MARXIST) | 1152371 | 658708 | 57.20% | 149602 | 22.70% | 1989 |
| 32 | 141-Rajmahal | ST | Bihar | Simon Marandi | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 829017 | 468809 | 56.60% | 166415 | 35.50% | 1989 |
| 33 | 142-Dumka | ST | Bihar | Shibu Sohan | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 869933 | 416655 | 47.90% | 109601 | 26.30% | 1989 |
| 34 | 143-Godda | GEN | Bihar | Janardhan Yadav | Bharatiya Janata Party | 960243 | 580292 | 60.40% | 181433 | 31.30% | 1989 |
| 35 | 144-Chatra | GEN | Bihar | Upender Nath Verma | Janata Dal | 885097 | 462798 | 52.30% | 77371 | 16.70% | 1989 |
| 36 | 145-Kodarma | GEN | Bihar | Ritlal Prasad Verma | Bharatiya Janata Party | 964011 | 548098 | 56.90% | 102294 | 18.70% | 1989 |
| 37 | 146-Giridih | GEN | Bihar | Ram Das Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | 938564 | 496118 | 52.90% | 8182 | 1.60% | 1989 |
| 38 | 147-Dhanbad | GEN | Bihar | A.K.Roy | Marxist (CO-ORDINATION) | 1156446 | 650782 | 56.30% | 13571 | 2.10% | 1989 |
| 39 | 148-Ranchi | GEN | Bihar | Subodh Kant Sahay | Janata Dal | 925104 | 477706 | 51.60% | 14986 | 3.10% | 1989 |
| 40 | 149-Jamshedpur | GEN | Bihar | Shailendra Mahto | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 953395 | 531840 | 55.80% | 8884 | 1.70% | 1989 |
| 41 | 150-Singhbhum | ST | Bihar | Bagua Samburi | Indian National Congress | 760236 | 288955 | 38.00% | 19979 | 6.90% | 1989 |
| 42 | 151-Khunti | ST | Bihar | Karia Munda | Bharatiya Janata Party | 755724 | 343951 | 45.50% | 3785 | 1.10% | 1989 |
| 43 | 152-Lohardaga | ST | Bihar | Sumati Oraon | Indian National Congress | 825417 | 384083 | 46.50% | 39072 | 10.20% | 1989 |
| 44 | 153-Palamau | SC | Bihar | Jaorwar Ram | Janata Dal | 911225 | 391041 | 42.90% | 33396 | 8.50% | 1989 |
| 45 | 154-Hazaribagh | GEN | Bihar | Yadunath Pandey | Bharatiya Janata Party | 1010692 | 544547 | 53.90% | 43419 | 8.00% | 1989 |
| 46 | 551-Bagaha | SC | Bihar | Mahendra Baitha | Janata Dal | 871641 | 395345 | 45.40% | 88032 | 22.30% | 1989 |
| 47 | 553-Barh | GEN | Bihar | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal | 1031955 | 709052 | 68.70% | 78347 | 11.00% | 1989 |
| 48 | 554-Bettiah | GEN | Bihar | Dharmesh Prassad Verma | Janata Dal | 911262 | 519407 | 57.00% | 48348 | 9.30% | 1989 |
| 49 | 555-Bikramganj | GEN | Bihar | Ram Parsad Singh | Janata Dal | 983892 | 550578 | 56.00% | 125993 | 22.90% | 1989 |
| 50 | 556-Chapra | GEN | Bihar | Laloo Prassad | Janata Dal | 1010173 | 659029 | 65.20% | 141882 | 21.50% | 1989 |
| 51 | 557-Motihari | GEN | Bihar | Radha Mohan Singh | Bharatiya Janata Party | 936758 | 551310 | 58.90% | 78111 | 14.20% | 1989 |
| 52 | 558-Rosera | SC | Bihar | Dashai Chaudhary | Janata Dal | 964871 | 626036 | 64.90% | 204487 | 32.70% | 1989 |
| 53 | 559-Saharsa | GEN | Bihar | Surya Nr. Yadav | Janata Dal | 1058549 | 770308 | 72.80% | 277081 | 36.00% | 1989 |
| 54 | 734-Balia | GEN | Bihar | Suryanarayan Singh | Communist Party Of India | 906074 | 524873 | 57.90% | 161449 | 30.80% | 1989 |
Data-driven analysis of the 1989 Bihar Lok Sabha election results, covering competitiveness, candidate performance, and voter behaviour.
The victory margin is the difference in votes between the winning candidate and the runner-up. A constituency with a margin under 5,000 votes is considered closely fought. The average margin in Bihar 1989 was 127,809 votes.
The 10 parliamentary constituencies decided by the narrowest margins.
| Constituency | Winner | Party | Margin |
|---|
Candidates receiving less than one-sixth (16.67%) of valid votes forfeit their security deposit. A high forfeiture rate indicates a party fielded candidates in constituencies with little voter support.
NOTA (None of the Above) allows voters to reject all candidates. When NOTA votes exceed the victory margin, it signals significant voter dissatisfaction.
| Constituency | NOTA Votes | Win Margin | NOTA > Margin? |
|---|
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of India's Parliament. Members of Parliament (MPs) are directly elected by voters in their respective parliamentary constituencies through universal adult suffrage.
Bihar is divided into 54 parliamentary constituencies. The constituencies are categorized as: GEN (41 seats), SC (8 seats), ST (5 seats). SC and ST reserved constituencies ensure representation for historically marginalized communities.
India follows the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) electoral system. The candidate who receives the highest number of votes wins the seat. Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) using Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT).