The 1991 Lok Sabha (Parliament) election in Bihar was held to elect Members of Parliament (MPs) from 52 parliamentary constituencies in the state. Janata Dal emerged as the leading party, winning 31 seats. Communist Party Of India came second with 8 seats.
A total of 50,453,647 electors were registered to vote across the state. Of these, 30,449,327 votes were polled, resulting in an overall voter turnout of 60.4%. The average victory margin across all constituencies was 107,059 votes, with the closest contest decided by just 14,122 votes and the largest margin reaching 367,752 votes.
A total of 6 political parties won at least one seat in this election. India's Lok Sabha elections use the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) system, where the candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins the seat. The party or coalition winning a majority of Lok Sabha seats forms the central government and appoints the Prime Minister.
Seat data is not available for this selection.
Seat breakdown: Janata Dal (31), Communist Party Of India (8), Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (6), Bharatiya Janata Party (5), Communist Party Of India (MARXIST) (1) and 1 other parties.
Click on any constituency name to view the full candidate-wise breakdown with individual vote counts, vote share percentages, and party affiliations.
| Sno. | Constituency | Type | State | Winner | Party | Electors | Votes | Turnout | Margin | Margin% | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45-Sheohar | GEN | Bihar | Hari Kishore Singh | Janata Dal | 965641 | 652419 | 67.60% | 159936 | 24.50% | 1991 |
| 2 | 46-Sitamarhi | GEN | Bihar | Nawal Kishore Ray | Janata Dal | 1016278 | 736253 | 72.50% | 229151 | 31.10% | 1991 |
| 3 | 47-Madhubani | GEN | Bihar | Bhogendra Jha | Communist Party Of India | 987053 | 649311 | 65.80% | 80091 | 12.30% | 1991 |
| 4 | 48-Jhanjharpur | GEN | Bihar | Devendra Prasad Yadav | Janata Dal | 959716 | 654471 | 68.20% | 130074 | 19.90% | 1991 |
| 5 | 50-Araria | SC | Bihar | Sukdeo Paswan | Janata Dal | 920630 | 553024 | 60.10% | 170994 | 30.90% | 1991 |
| 6 | 51-Kishanganj | GEN | Bihar | Syed Shahabuddin | Janata Dal | 963577 | 534541 | 55.50% | 79628 | 14.90% | 1991 |
| 7 | 52-Katihar | GEN | Bihar | Md. Yunus Salim | Janata Dal | 865167 | 503685 | 58.20% | 23622 | 4.70% | 1991 |
| 8 | 54-Madhepura | GEN | Bihar | Sharad Yadav | Janata Dal | 993738 | 704100 | 70.90% | 285377 | 40.50% | 1991 |
| 9 | 55-Darbhanga | GEN | Bihar | Md. Ali Asraf Fatmi | Janata Dal | 926642 | 630414 | 68.00% | 139978 | 22.20% | 1991 |
| 10 | 56-Muzaffarpur | GEN | Bihar | George Fernandes | Janata Dal | 988777 | 640495 | 64.80% | 50047 | 7.80% | 1991 |
| 11 | 57-Vaishali | GEN | Bihar | Sheo Sharan Singh | Janata Dal | 966531 | 637893 | 66.00% | 109843 | 17.20% | 1991 |
| 12 | 58-Gopalganj | GEN | Bihar | Abdul Ghafoor | Janata Dal | 948650 | 710378 | 74.90% | 112650 | 15.90% | 1991 |
| 13 | 59-Siwan | GEN | Bihar | Brishin Patel | Janata Dal | 976411 | 622535 | 63.80% | 145892 | 23.40% | 1991 |
| 14 | 60-Maharajganj | GEN | Bihar | Girija Devi (W) | Janata Dal | 1032512 | 653587 | 63.30% | 24335 | 3.70% | 1991 |
| 15 | 62-Hajipur | SC | Bihar | Ram Sunder Das | Janata Dal | 980132 | 749558 | 76.50% | 367752 | 49.10% | 1991 |
| 16 | 64-Samastipur | GEN | Bihar | Manjay Lal | Janata Dal | 1082788 | 713698 | 65.90% | 239032 | 33.50% | 1991 |
| 17 | 65-Begusarai | GEN | Bihar | Krishna Sahi (W) | Indian National Congress | 1007437 | 675617 | 67.10% | 67946 | 10.10% | 1991 |
| 18 | 66-Khagaria | GEN | Bihar | Ram Sharan Yadav | Janata Dal | 956666 | 571057 | 59.70% | 153221 | 26.80% | 1991 |
| 19 | 67-Bhagalpur | GEN | Bihar | Chunchun Pra. Yadav | Janata Dal | 1055616 | 613185 | 58.10% | 168624 | 27.50% | 1991 |
| 20 | 68-Banka | GEN | Bihar | Pratap Singh | Janata Dal | 962029 | 487594 | 50.70% | 110387 | 22.60% | 1991 |
| 21 | 69-Munger | GEN | Bihar | Brahmanand Mandal | Communist Party Of India | 1025444 | 687063 | 67.00% | 110984 | 16.20% | 1991 |
| 22 | 70-Nalanda | GEN | Bihar | Vijoy Kumar Yadav | Communist Party Of India | 1101230 | 809665 | 73.50% | 91871 | 11.30% | 1991 |
| 23 | 73-Arrah | GEN | Bihar | Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav | Janata Dal | 1070495 | 689440 | 64.40% | 55348 | 8.00% | 1991 |
| 24 | 74-Buxar | GEN | Bihar | Tej Narain Singh | Communist Party Of India | 1012148 | 583129 | 57.60% | 66000 | 11.30% | 1991 |
| 25 | 75-Sasaram | SC | Bihar | Chhedi Paswan | Janata Dal | 976765 | 480393 | 49.20% | 22562 | 4.70% | 1991 |
| 26 | 77-Jahanabad | GEN | Bihar | Ramramasharay Prasad Singh | Communist Party Of India | 1067874 | 801921 | 75.10% | 34991 | 4.40% | 1991 |
| 27 | 78-Aurangabad | GEN | Bihar | Ram Naresh Singh | Janata Dal | 978604 | 494615 | 50.50% | 52856 | 10.70% | 1991 |
| 28 | 79-Gaya | SC | Bihar | Rajesh Kumar | Janata Dal | 969299 | 629468 | 64.90% | 53795 | 8.50% | 1991 |
| 29 | 80-Nawada | SC | Bihar | Prem Chand Ram | Communist Party Of India (MARXIST) | 1156759 | 815317 | 70.50% | 101593 | 12.50% | 1991 |
| 30 | 141-Rajmahal | ST | Bihar | Simon Marandi | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 834508 | 469610 | 56.30% | 32664 | 7.00% | 1991 |
| 31 | 142-Dumka | ST | Bihar | Shibu Soren | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 871904 | 454812 | 52.20% | 133641 | 29.40% | 1991 |
| 32 | 143-Godda | GEN | Bihar | Suraj Mandal | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 961709 | 534925 | 55.60% | 104148 | 19.50% | 1991 |
| 33 | 144-Chatra | GEN | Bihar | Upendra Nath Verma | Janata Dal | 885639 | 439587 | 49.60% | 41379 | 9.40% | 1991 |
| 34 | 145-Kodarma | GEN | Bihar | Mumtaz Ansari | Janata Dal | 967408 | 498565 | 51.50% | 14122 | 2.80% | 1991 |
| 35 | 146-Giridih | GEN | Bihar | Binod Bihari Mahto | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 955994 | 483492 | 50.60% | 77803 | 16.10% | 1991 |
| 36 | 147-Dhanbad | GEN | Bihar | Rita Verma (W) | Bharatiya Janata Party | 1169411 | 592422 | 50.70% | 85299 | 14.40% | 1991 |
| 37 | 148-Ranchi | GEN | Bihar | Ram Tahal Choudhary | Bharatiya Janata Party | 934651 | 470423 | 50.30% | 119577 | 25.40% | 1991 |
| 38 | 149-Jamshedpur | GEN | Bihar | Silendra Mahto | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 963786 | 522780 | 54.20% | 56247 | 10.80% | 1991 |
| 39 | 150-Singhbhum | ST | Bihar | Krishna Marandi | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 760927 | 344344 | 45.30% | 46180 | 13.40% | 1991 |
| 40 | 151-Khunti | ST | Bihar | Karia Munda | Bharatiya Janata Party | 756843 | 351120 | 46.40% | 43374 | 12.40% | 1991 |
| 41 | 152-Lohardaga | ST | Bihar | Lalit Oraon | Bharatiya Janata Party | 828306 | 383428 | 46.30% | 54516 | 14.20% | 1991 |
| 42 | 153-Palamau | SC | Bihar | Ram Deo Ram | Bharatiya Janata Party | 915831 | 350572 | 38.30% | 20242 | 5.80% | 1991 |
| 43 | 154-Hazaribagh | GEN | Bihar | Bhuneshwar Prasad Mehta | Communist Party Of India | 1019773 | 510221 | 50.00% | 24681 | 4.80% | 1991 |
| 44 | 551-Bagaha | SC | Bihar | Mahendra Baitha | Janata Dal | 874889 | 397126 | 45.40% | 48575 | 12.20% | 1991 |
| 45 | 552-Balia | GEN | Bihar | Surya Narayan Singh | Communist Party Of India | 926690 | 492043 | 53.10% | 94852 | 19.30% | 1991 |
| 46 | 553-Barh | GEN | Bihar | Nitish Kumar | Janata Dal | 1035217 | 718960 | 69.50% | 174539 | 24.30% | 1991 |
| 47 | 554-Bettiah | GEN | Bihar | Faiyazulazam | Janata Dal | 920104 | 530880 | 57.70% | 98358 | 18.50% | 1991 |
| 48 | 555-Bikramganj | GEN | Bihar | Ram Prasad Singh | Janata Dal | 992054 | 527174 | 53.10% | 177076 | 33.60% | 1991 |
| 49 | 556-Chapra | GEN | Bihar | Lal Babu Rai | Janata Dal | 994872 | 726792 | 73.10% | 124573 | 17.10% | 1991 |
| 50 | 557-Motihari | GEN | Bihar | Kamla Mishra Madhukar | Communist Party Of India | 939457 | 582187 | 62.00% | 98052 | 16.80% | 1991 |
| 51 | 558-Rosera | SC | Bihar | Ram Vilas Paswan | Janata Dal | 966971 | 610619 | 63.20% | 260484 | 42.70% | 1991 |
| 52 | 559-Saharsa | GEN | Bihar | Surya Narain Yadav | Janata Dal | 1062094 | 772419 | 72.70% | 198108 | 25.60% | 1991 |
Data-driven analysis of the 1991 Bihar Lok Sabha election results, covering competitiveness, candidate performance, and voter behaviour.
The victory margin is the difference in votes between the winning candidate and the runner-up. A constituency with a margin under 5,000 votes is considered closely fought. The average margin in Bihar 1991 was 107,059 votes.
The 10 parliamentary constituencies decided by the narrowest margins.
| Constituency | Winner | Party | Margin |
|---|
Candidates receiving less than one-sixth (16.67%) of valid votes forfeit their security deposit. A high forfeiture rate indicates a party fielded candidates in constituencies with little voter support.
NOTA (None of the Above) allows voters to reject all candidates. When NOTA votes exceed the victory margin, it signals significant voter dissatisfaction.
| Constituency | NOTA Votes | Win Margin | NOTA > Margin? |
|---|
The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of India's Parliament. Members of Parliament (MPs) are directly elected by voters in their respective parliamentary constituencies through universal adult suffrage.
Bihar is divided into 52 parliamentary constituencies. The constituencies are categorized as: GEN (39 seats), SC (8 seats), ST (5 seats). SC and ST reserved constituencies ensure representation for historically marginalized communities.
India follows the First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) electoral system. The candidate who receives the highest number of votes wins the seat. Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) using Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT).